Many European countries are phasing out farrowing crates for sows. Managing this transition while maintaining piglet survival is one of the most complex challenges in pig welfare.
The farrowing crate debate illustrates the complexity of farm animal welfare reform. Crates prevent crushing deaths but cause profound suffering through restriction of natural nesting and movement behaviour. The welfare of both sow and piglets must be considered. Well-designed free farrowing systems with adequate nest space, skilled stockmanship and reduced litter sizes demonstrate that crate-free production is achievable without unacceptable piglet mortality.