Animals crossing international borders face welfare risks from extended waiting times, inadequate facilities, and bureaucratic delays at border posts lacking welfare infrastructure.
Border crossing for live animals creates welfare risks from unpredictable waiting times, inadequate facilities, and bureaucratic processes that cannot flex for animal needs. Animals may wait in vehicles in extreme heat or cold while documentation is processed. Border post welfare facilities are often absent or inadequate. The live export trade imposes these border risks repeatedly on long-distance journeys with multiple crossing points.