Pied flycatchers are iconic summer visitors to Welsh oak woodlands - nest box provision and woodland management support their welfare.
Pied flycatcher welfare depends on intact sessile oak woodland with abundant caterpillar food for chicks and nest site availability. Nest box provision dramatically increases breeding success in managed woodlands. The phenological mismatch between caterpillar emergence and chick hatching is a welfare concern that climate change is expected to worsen.