India has approximately 35 million stray dogs living in urban areas, facing disease, traffic injuries, and periodic culling campaigns that fail to address population drivers.
Stray dogs in urban India experience chronic suffering from mange, injuries, starvation, and human violence. Culling campaigns cause acute suffering and are ineffective because they do not address the food waste and habitat that sustains stray populations. Animal Birth Control programs combined with vaccination and community feeding reduce both dog suffering and human rabies risk simultaneously.