Long-distance live export of cattle causes documented welfare harm through prolonged transport stress, crowding, and temperature extremes. Evidence for stronger regulation is compelling.
Long-distance live export causes layered welfare harm that accumulates over time. Transport stress begins at loading and compounds with journey duration. Heat in summer transports and cold in winter transports cause physiological stress. Water and food deprivation on long journeys causes dehydration and hunger. Animals arriving at destination markets have often been suffering for 40+ hours. The UK's 2024 ban sets a positive precedent; EU-wide reform requires continued advocacy.