Companion Animals

Dog Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome: Recognising and Supporting Ageing Brains

Canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) affects many older dogs, causing disorientation, sleep disruption, and personality changes. Early recognition enables meaningful quality of life support.

Key Facts

CDS affects an estimated 22-68% of dogs over 15 years old
Symptoms include disorientation, altered sleep-wake cycles, reduced interaction, and house soiling
The condition is caused by neurodegenerative changes similar to Alzheimer's disease in humans
Diagnosis is clinical - by exclusion of other medical causes of changed behaviour
Dietary supplements including omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants may slow progression
Environmental enrichment and routine maintenance support cognitive health in senior dogs

Welfare Considerations

CDS causes genuine confusion, anxiety, and distress in affected dogs. Owners often attribute signs to 'normal ageing' rather than recognising treatable cognitive change. Disorientation at night causes fear and vocalisation that disrupts both dog and household. Maintaining routine, avoiding environmental change, and providing nightlight support can significantly reduce distress. Medical management with selegiline may slow progression in early cases.

What You Can Do

Learn to recognise CDS symptoms and discuss them with your vet when they appear
Maintain consistent routines and avoid rearranging furniture in the home of a dog with CDS
Ask your vet about evidence-based supplements and medications for cognitive dysfunction management