Farm Animal Welfare

Sheep Pregnancy Toxaemia: Prevention and Management

Pregnancy toxaemia (twin lamb disease) is a metabolic condition affecting ewes in late pregnancy, causing progressive neurological decline and death if untreated.

Key Facts

Pregnancy toxaemia is most common in ewes carrying twins or triplets in the last 4-6 weeks of gestation
The condition arises from negative energy balance when the metabolic demands of the fetuses outstrip the ewe's energy intake
Early signs include lethargy, separation from the flock and loss of interest in food
Without treatment, affected ewes become recumbent and die within 3-5 days
Prevention focuses on adequate nutrition in late pregnancy and body condition monitoring

Welfare Considerations

Ewes with pregnancy toxaemia experience progressive metabolic deterioration involving hypoglycaemia and ketoacidosis, causing neurological symptoms and extreme weakness. Suffering is significant and the condition deteriorates rapidly. Early identification through regular monitoring of late-pregnant ewes and prompt treatment is essential to minimise suffering and improve outcomes.

What You Can Do

Monitor body condition scores of ewes throughout pregnancy
Ensure adequate energy nutrition in the last 6-8 weeks of pregnancy
Check for early signs of pregnancy toxaemia in the weeks before lambing
Seek veterinary advice immediately if a ewe shows signs of metabolic disease