Otter populations have recovered substantially since their near-extinction in the 1970s, but continued welfare and conservation gains depend on river habitat quality and reduced road mortality.
Otter welfare is closely linked to river ecosystem health. Otters in degraded waterways with depleted fish stocks, pollution and disturbed banks face chronic food stress. Road mortality at river crossings causes traumatic death. Wildlife-friendly bridge designs including otter ledges beneath road bridges enable safe crossing and have contributed to the continued population recovery. Water quality improvements that restore fish populations provide the food base for otter population expansion.