Pet goldfish are often kept in conditions far below their welfare needs. Evidence-based tank size, enrichment, and husbandry dramatically improve outcomes for these undervalued companions.
Goldfish are among the most widely kept and most poorly cared for companion animals globally. The persistent myth that goldfish have 3-second memories and require only small bowls has led to widespread welfare neglect of animals that are cognitively sophisticated and long-lived. Evidence-based husbandry guidance transforms the goldfish keeping experience for both fish and keeper.