Invertebrates represent the majority of animal biodiversity and face massive welfare harm from habitat loss and pesticides. Their welfare is largely invisible in mainstream conservation.
Invertebrate welfare is the most underappreciated dimension of animal welfare. The decline of insect populations represents both enormous individual welfare harm under precautionary frameworks and ecological welfare harm to the broader animal communities that depend on invertebrate prey. Habitat restoration and pesticide reduction are high-leverage welfare interventions at landscape scale.