Canine parvovirus causes severe suffering and death in unvaccinated puppies, making vaccination a fundamental welfare intervention.
Parvovirus represents a preventable welfare catastrophe for unvaccinated puppies. The disease causes intense suffering and many affected animals die despite aggressive treatment. Vaccination is one of the most welfare-effective interventions available for companion animals - preventing suffering that would otherwise be guaranteed in exposed unvaccinated animals. Addressing vaccine hesitancy in dog-owning communities is a direct welfare priority.