Wildlife

Freshwater Pearl Mussel Conservation and Welfare

Freshwater pearl mussels are among Europe's most endangered animals, requiring clean rivers and host fish for reproduction.

Key Facts

Freshwater pearl mussels can live over 130 years and were once abundant in clean UK rivers
Populations have declined by over 97% due to water pollution, siltation and pearl fishing
Juveniles live as parasites on salmon and trout gills for their first year of life
River restoration including riparian tree planting and stock exclusion fencing supports recovery
Captive rearing programmes propagate juveniles for river reintroduction

Welfare Considerations

While the sentience of freshwater pearl mussels is uncertain, their extreme longevity and ecological role make population-level welfare and conservation of critical importance. Clean, well-oxygenated rivers with adequate salmon and trout host populations are the foundation of pearl mussel recovery. Their welfare is inextricably linked to overall river health.

What You Can Do

Support the Freshwater Pearl Mussel Partnership river restoration projects
Report pearl mussel sightings or pearl fishing activity to your local river authority
Plant riparian vegetation and fence stock from river banks on any land you manage
Advocate for stronger water quality regulations protecting vulnerable freshwater ecosystems