Unequal access to vaccination creates welfare disparities in companion animal populations, particularly in lower-income communities.
Vaccine-preventable diseases cause enormous avoidable suffering. Parvovirus, distemper, feline panleukopenia and rabies are all preventable with inexpensive, effective vaccines. Welfare disparities linked to socioeconomic barriers to veterinary access mean animals in lower-income households bear disproportionate disease burden.