Barn owl chick welfare depends on prey delivery by parents, nest box temperature, and freedom from disturbance during the vulnerable fledgling period.
Barn owl chicks dying from starvation or overheating in nest boxes experience preventable welfare harm. Well-ventilated boxes in shaded positions prevent overheating. Prey availability drives starvation risk and cannot be improved within individual seasons but can be addressed through long-term grassland restoration. Disturbance at boxes during chick-rearing must be absolutely minimised.