White storks were reintroduced to England at Knepp Estate and are establishing a wild breeding population, with welfare management during the reintroduction phase being critical.
Reintroduced white storks face multiple welfare challenges during establishment, including novel predation risk and power line collision hazards. Post-release monitoring and mitigation of identifiable threats improves survival rates. The welfare of individual reintroduced birds requires active management during the vulnerable establishment phase.