Yaks are essential livestock for Tibetan communities, providing transport, milk, and fiber in extreme altitude environments where welfare challenges are distinct.
Yak welfare in traditional pastoral systems is generally better than intensive cattle farming given their freedom of range and adaptation to their environment. Welfare concerns arise from overloading during transport, inadequate winter nutrition in harsh years, and veterinary care access in remote areas. Sustainable pastoralism that maintains yak health while protecting grazing land benefits both animals and communities.