Flatfish farming for turbot and halibut is growing rapidly, with specific welfare challenges from their specialized biology and high-density tank conditions.
Flatfish welfare in aquaculture requires attention to their unusual biology. Unlike pelagic fish, flatfish occupy limited floor space and high densities cause direct competition and physical abrasion. Their welfare assessment should include skin lesion scoring, behavioral observation of resting patterns, and feed response. Improved stocking density standards and humane slaughter requirements are priority interventions for this growing sector.