Manatees and dugongs are critically endangered sirenians whose primary threat in many areas is collision with watercraft, causing severe injuries and death.
Propeller strikes cause catastrophic injuries to manatees including severe lacerations, fractured ribs, and internal organ damage. Injured manatees often survive initial trauma but face chronic pain, infection, and prolonged rehabilitation. Speed restrictions in manatee habitat are effective welfare interventions that have measurably reduced collision mortality. Boater education and compliance monitoring are essential complementary measures.