Farm Animal Welfare

Farm Poultry: Ammonia Levels and Eye Health

Elevated ammonia concentrations in poultry sheds cause progressive eye damage and respiratory irritation, representing a significant and measurable welfare harm.

Key Facts

Ammonia concentrations above 20 ppm cause eye irritation and increased blink rate in poultry
Concentrations above 50 ppm can cause corneal damage and conjunctivitis
UK regulations require action when ammonia levels exceed 20 ppm in occupied sheds
Litter management, ventilation, and feed formulation all influence ammonia production
Ocular keratosis prevalence is used as a welfare indicator at slaughter in some audit systems

Welfare Considerations

Ammonia exposure causes chronic irritation and potentially permanent eye damage in housed poultry, causing pain and impairing ability to see predators, food, and conspecifics. The welfare impact is widespread given the scale of intensive poultry production. Litter management and ventilation to keep ammonia below 20 ppm is a minimal welfare standard.

What You Can Do

Monitor in-shed ammonia levels regularly using appropriate equipment
Implement litter management strategies to reduce ammonia production
Ensure adequate ventilation, especially during cold weather when operators reduce airflow
Include eye health scoring in flock welfare assessments
Choose poultry products from certified schemes with ammonia monitoring requirements