Exercise needs vary enormously between dog breeds, and failing to meet individual requirements causes significant welfare harm through frustration and pent-up energy.
Inadequate exercise is a significant cause of welfare harm in dogs, leading to frustrated behaviour including destructive activity, aggression, and stereotypic behaviour. The mismatch between an active working breed's needs and a sedentary lifestyle represents chronic welfare compromise. Matching breed selection to available exercise time and providing breed-appropriate mental and physical stimulation is a fundamental welfare responsibility.