Canine enrichment research has moved beyond anecdote to evidence - some enrichment activities are far more effective than others at reducing stress and improving wellbeing.
The science of dog enrichment has matured considerably. We now know that nose work is consistently the most welfare-beneficial activity - engaging dogs' primary sense in species-appropriate ways reduces stress hormones and increases positive indicators. Physical exercise, while important, does not substitute for cognitive engagement. Dog owners and kennels that structure enrichment based on evidence rather than convenience deliver meaningfully better welfare outcomes.