The debate between barefoot and shod horses involves genuine welfare considerations - the right approach depends on the individual horse, discipline, and ground conditions.
The barefoot versus shod debate often generates more heat than light in welfare terms. Both systems can deliver good hoof welfare when managed correctly; both cause welfare harm when managed poorly. Infrequent farriery regardless of shoeing method is the most common welfare failure. Horses in hard work on varied terrain often benefit from appropriate shoeing; horses on soft ground doing light work may thrive barefoot. Individual assessment by a qualified farrier, regular care intervals, and attention to diet and movement are the universal welfare principles.