Urban foxes are highly adaptable and their social structure is important for welfare and management. Understanding cub development helps improve coexistence strategies.
Fox cubs separated from mothers before weaning face serious welfare challenges. Mange-affected foxes suffer from intense pruritus, secondary infections, and eventual debilitation. Culling is ineffective at reducing urban fox populations as territories are rapidly reoccupied. Coexistence approaches that address welfare issues like mange treatment are more effective.