Aquaculture Welfare

Salmon Crowding Physiology and Welfare

Crowding in salmon farming triggers a cascade of physiological stress responses that compromise immunity and welfare.

Key Facts

Crowding causes acute cortisol release within minutes of density increase
Chronic crowding elevates baseline cortisol causing immune suppression and disease susceptibility
Fin erosion, aggression and reduced feeding are behavioural indicators of crowding stress
Welfare-conscious stocking densities reduce stress indicators significantly
Monitoring technology including underwater cameras can assess crowding impacts in real time

Welfare Considerations

Crowding stress represents one of the most significant and pervasive welfare challenges in salmon farming. The physiological cascade from acute crowding has long-term welfare consequences. Monitoring and managing stocking density is a fundamental welfare requirement.

What You Can Do

Support salmon certification requiring stocking density monitoring and limits
Advocate for welfare-based stocking density standards in salmon farming regulation
Choose salmon from certified producers with documented welfare monitoring programmes