Reptiles are the fastest-growing segment of the pet trade but suffer high mortality from poor husbandry due to the specialized thermal, nutritional, and behavioral needs of each species.
Reptiles suffering from metabolic bone disease experience progressive skeletal deformity, fractures, and neurological complications from calcium and phosphorus imbalance. The pain of pathological fractures in calcium-depleted iguanas or bearded dragons represents preventable welfare failure from inadequate UV-B lighting and diet. Reptiles maintained at incorrect temperatures have suppressed immune function and cannot digest food normally, leading to chronic illness. The stoic nature of reptiles and difficulty recognizing illness lead to delayed veterinary care.