Turkey production peaks around holidays, with billions of birds raised in intensive conditions that cause significant welfare problems related to genetics and confinement.
The selective breeding of turkeys for maximum breast meat has created birds whose bodies cause them suffering. Oversized breast muscles shift the center of gravity, making normal movement painful and leading to joint degeneration. Many broad-breasted turkeys spend significant time sitting because standing is uncomfortable. Debeaking to prevent stress-induced cannibalism treats a symptom while the underlying crowding and enrichment deficits remain unaddressed. Heritage breed turkeys have dramatically better welfare outcomes.