Pigs are highly motivated to root and explore, but barren environments in intensive systems deny them this fundamental behavioral need, causing frustration and aggression.
Denying pigs the opportunity to root causes chronic frustration and redirected behavior including tail biting, which can be fatal. Providing rooting materials such as straw, compost, or hanging objects significantly improves welfare outcomes and is increasingly recognized as a minimum standard. Outdoor access where pigs can root in soil represents the gold standard for meeting this behavioral need.