Farm Animal Welfare

Cattle Welfare in Zero-Grazing Systems

Welfare considerations for dairy cattle kept in zero-grazing (indoor) systems year-round.

Key Facts

Zero-grazing systems are increasingly common in high-yielding dairy operations in Northern Europe
Cattle in year-round housing show higher levels of lameness and foot disease than seasonal grazing systems
Quality bedding, adequate space, and environmental enrichment are critical welfare mitigations
Research shows that even brief daily outdoor access significantly improves welfare indicators in housed cattle

Welfare Considerations

Zero-grazing systems can deliver high welfare if designed and managed appropriately, but the evidence base suggests that complete absence of pasture access creates welfare deficits that require active management to mitigate. Minimum outdoor access provisions are increasingly included in welfare standards.

What You Can Do

Support dairy welfare standards that require minimum outdoor access periods where feasible
Choose dairy products from farms that provide seasonal pasture access to their cows
Advocate for cubicle design standards and space requirements to be strengthened in zero-grazing systems