Keel bone fractures affect a majority of laying hens in cage-free and aviary systems, causing chronic pain and representing one of the most pressing welfare challenges in commercial egg production.
Keel bone fractures are a pervasive welfare problem that has worsened with the transition to cage-free systems. While cage-free housing offers benefits in terms of behavioural freedom, the increased movement and higher perch structures create new injury risks. Addressing keel bone fractures requires selective breeding, better perch design, ramp provision and monitoring programmes.