Shade provision in feedlot systems is a critical welfare requirement in warm climates, with cattle without shade experiencing heat stress that reduces welfare and performance.
Heat stress in feedlots is a preventable welfare harm. Cattle without access to shade in warm weather experience physiological stress, reduced appetite and welfare deterioration. Shade provision combined with adequate water access and sprinkler systems in extreme heat episodes are welfare requirements for feedlot systems in warm climates. Heat stress assessments should be part of feedlot welfare audit protocols.