The farrowing crate restricts sow movement to prevent piglet crushing but causes significant welfare harm through confinement. Alternative systems offer welfare improvements with careful management.
The farrowing crate prevents sows from performing nest building — one of the most highly motivated pre-birth behaviors — and restricts movement for weeks. This causes significant frustration and chronic stress. Well-designed free-farrowing systems with protected zones and appropriate nesting material can protect piglet welfare while allowing sow behavioral needs to be met. The transition requires investment and management skill but represents a meaningful welfare improvement.