Significant progress has been made in reforming extreme dog breeds to reduce inherited health problems, but meaningful change requires sustained pressure across registration bodies, insurers, breeders, and media.
Dog breed reform is a long-term project requiring sustained effort across multiple fronts. Despite meaningful progress in some countries - particularly Norway's landmark legal ruling - enforcement, compliance, and consumer behaviour change remain challenges globally. The proliferation of social media images of flat-faced dogs continues to drive demand, and illegal or unregistered breeding circumvents voluntary scheme improvements. The most effective interventions combine regulatory requirements for health testing, insurer pricing of high-risk breeds, veterinary education, and public awareness. Progress is real but must accelerate to keep pace with the commercial breeding of dogs whose conformation guarantees lifetime suffering.