Keeping cetaceans in captivity has attracted intense welfare scrutiny, with evidence of shortened lifespans, psychological distress, and profound behavioral abnormalities in captive animals.
The evidence that cetaceans suffer in captivity is extensive and compelling. Orcas and dolphins in tanks cannot meet their needs for wide-ranging social movement, complex social relationships, or natural foraging. Stereotypic behaviors, collapsed dorsal fins, and aggression between incompatible individuals are consistent welfare indicators. The shift in public opinion has driven genuine industry change, with major operators ending captive breeding and committing to phase-out or sanctuary retirement.