Long-distance transport of live animals causes significant suffering through stress, injury, dehydration, and temperature extremes. Reform of transport regulations is a major farm animal welfare priority.
Long-distance livestock transport causes cumulative welfare harm through fear, dehydration, physical injury from falls and crushes, and exposure to temperature extremes. Research shows that welfare deteriorates significantly beyond 8 hours of transport, yet journeys several times this length are routinely conducted under existing regulations. Transition from live animal to chilled meat trade is the most effective single reform available and is achievable with appropriate market development.