Stocking density in farmed duck systems affects movement, social interaction, air quality, and disease risk, with evidence supporting lower densities for welfare improvement.
Key Facts
EU law does not currently specify maximum stocking densities for farmed ducks
Industry practice varies from 40-100kg per square metre in indoor systems
High stocking density increases footpad problems, aggression, and air quality issues
Lower density systems show improved duck welfare indicators including activity and health
Outdoor access at any stocking density significantly improves duck welfare outcomes
Welfare Considerations
Duck stocking density affects welfare across multiple domains simultaneously. Setting and enforcing evidence-based density limits represents a straightforward welfare improvement.
What You Can Do
Support stocking density regulation for farmed ducks in EU and UK legislation
Choose duck products from farms with demonstrated welfare standards including outdoor access
Raise awareness of stocking density as a fundamental duck welfare lever
Advocate for welfare assessment inclusion in duck industry certification schemes