Aquatic Animals

Salmon Welfare in Aquaculture

Atlantic salmon is the most farmed fin fish globally, and intensive aquaculture raises profound welfare concerns related to density, disease, and stunning at slaughter.

Key Facts

Norway produces over 1.4 million tonnes of farmed Atlantic salmon annually
Sea lice infestations are endemic in salmon farms and cause chronic stress and lesions
Farmed salmon live at densities equivalent to a bathtub per fish at industry standard
Salmon have nociceptors and behavioral responses consistent with pain experience
Many salmon are slaughtered without stunning, dying slowly from asphyxiation on ice

Welfare Considerations

Salmon welfare in aquaculture is compromised at multiple points: parasitic infestations from sea lice cause persistent pain and skin damage; high densities create aggression and injury; and slaughter without stunning means fish may experience prolonged conscious suffering. Percussive or electrical stunning before slaughter is available and used by higher-welfare producers. Consumer pressure and certification schemes are driving gradual improvement.

What You Can Do

Choose ASC-certified salmon from producers with confirmed stunning practices
Support Aquatic Life Institute campaigns for mandatory fish stunning
Reduce farmed salmon consumption or choose plant-based alternatives
Advocate for sea lice treatment standards that prioritize fish welfare