Fly burden in summer causes significant stress and disease transmission in cattle. Effective fly control protects welfare during the high-risk season.
Cattle in heavily fly-infested environments show persistent distress behaviors - bunching, head tossing, running, and reduced grazing time. These behaviors reflect genuine suffering from biting insects. Effective fly control during the summer months reduces this distress and prevents fly-borne disease transmission, significantly improving welfare during the peak season.