Salmon welfare in hatchery stages establishes the foundation for the entire production cycle. Early welfare influences have lasting effects on health and behavior.
Salmon welfare in hatcheries deserves attention proportionate to its lifelong influence. Stress experienced during hatchery stages has documented effects on HPI axis development that affect subsequent stress reactivity throughout the production cycle. Welfare-positive hatchery management that minimizes stress, optimizes water quality, and allows behavioral development creates fish better equipped for the challenges of sea cage life.