Pangasius catfish from Vietnam dominates global white fish trade. Welfare standards in this massive producing country remain a priority for improvement.
Pangasius farmed in poorly regulated systems face chronic welfare impacts from overcrowding, poor water quality, and disease pressure. The enormous scale of production - and the global reach of pangasius supply chains - means that welfare improvements would affect hundreds of millions of fish annually. Consumer and retailer pressure for certified production, combined with international technical assistance, are the most effective levers available.