Farm Animal Welfare

Pig Genetic Diversity and Breed Welfare

The narrow genetic base of commercial pig breeds creates vulnerability to disease and may limit the ability to select for welfare traits.

Key Facts

The global commercial pig population is dominated by a small number of lines
Genetic diversity within commercial breeds is declining due to intensive selection
Rare breed pigs often have better mothering ability and disease resistance
Genetic selection for welfare traits including leg strength and temperament is growing
Conservation of rare breeds preserves genetic options for future welfare improvement

Welfare Considerations

Genetic narrowing in commercial pig populations creates herds that are uniformly vulnerable to emerging diseases and limits the diversity available for selecting welfare-positive traits. Maintaining genetic diversity through conservation of rare breeds and incorporating welfare traits into breeding objectives provides options for welfare improvement and disease resilience over the long term.

What You Can Do

Support rare breed pig conservation programmes
Advocate for welfare trait inclusion in commercial pig genetic programmes
Choose meat from heritage breeds where welfare standards align