Cognitive games and nose work provide mental stimulation essential for dog welfare that is often neglected in favour of physical exercise alone.
Mental stimulation is not an optional extra but a welfare necessity for dogs. The complex cognitive and olfactory drives that evolved in working and hunting contexts require outlet in companion dogs. Without appropriate mental stimulation, dogs experience the welfare equivalent of boredom and frustration that manifests as problem behaviour. Cognitive enrichment should be a daily welfare provision.