Agricultural pest management affects billions of non-target animals annually through pesticide use, habitat simplification, and lethal control of species considered economically harmful.
Agricultural pest management creates welfare harm at multiple scales: pesticide exposure causes sub-lethal behavioral effects in beneficial insects and non-target vertebrates; lethal control of corvids and foxes kills individually through shooting or trapping; and habitat simplification of field environments eliminates the food and shelter resources of farmland wildlife. IPM approaches that use biological control, targeted pesticide application, and habitat management reduce non-target welfare harm while maintaining agricultural function.