Road mortality during amphibian migrations causes significant welfare suffering and local population declines. Tunnel systems, toad patrols, and road closures are proven mitigation strategies.
Amphibians attempting road crossings during spring migration face crushing, desiccation, and disorientation from traffic. Those that survive crossings but fail to breed suffer the reproductive costs of migration without benefit. Tunnel systems and toad patrols directly reduce individual suffering while protecting local populations.