Handling events including grading, vaccination, and sampling cause acute stress in farmed rainbow trout. Minimising handling frequency, duration, and severity are key welfare priorities in trout production.
Trout are repeatedly handled throughout production for grading, vaccination, treatment, and sampling. Each event causes physiological stress that temporarily compromises immunity and welfare. Minimising handling frequency through scheduling events together, using anaesthesia when appropriate, and designing handling equipment to minimise injury and air exposure significantly reduces the cumulative welfare cost of these necessary interventions.