Companion Animal Welfare

Companion Dog Canine Anaemia Emergency

Immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA) is a potentially fatal condition causing rapid red blood cell destruction. Emergency treatment with immunosuppression and blood transfusion is often life-saving.

Key Facts

IMHA causes the immune system to attack and destroy red blood cells
Affected dogs show weakness, pale gums, rapid breathing, and collapse
Blood transfusion provides emergency support while immunosuppression takes effect
Cocker Spaniels and Springer Spaniels are among the highest-risk breeds
Mortality rates of 20-70% reflect the severity of the condition despite treatment

Welfare Considerations

IMHA causes acute suffering through severe anaemia, with affected dogs experiencing profound weakness and respiratory distress from inadequate oxygen delivery. Emergency blood transfusion and immunosuppressive treatment significantly improve survival but require rapid veterinary access. Early recognition of pale gums and weakness in at-risk breeds enables faster intervention and better welfare outcomes.

What You Can Do

Learn to check gum colour in your dog - pale or white gums are an emergency
Seek immediate emergency veterinary care for any dog showing sudden weakness or pale gums
Discuss IMHA risk and warning signs with your vet for predisposed breeds