Wildlife Conservation

Wild Barn Swallow: Farmland Decline and Recovery

Barn swallows have declined significantly in the UK due to changes in farmland management that reduce insect prey. Recovery requires both insect habitat improvement and barn access.

Key Facts

Barn swallow numbers have declined by approximately 50% in the UK since the 1970s
Swallows depend on flying insects, primarily over livestock pasture and water
Nest site availability in farm buildings is declining as barns are converted or sealed
Swallows are long-distance migrants wintering in sub-Saharan Africa
Swallow-friendly farm management includes insect-rich margins, open water and accessible buildings

Welfare Considerations

Swallow welfare depends on insect food availability and accessible nesting sites. Farmland management for insects benefits swallows directly and reflects the intertwined nature of wildlife and welfare.

What You Can Do

Leave farm buildings accessible for swallow nesting during the breeding season
Create insect-rich field margins and flower strips near swallow nesting sites
Record swallow breeding success and arrival dates through the BTO nest recording scheme