Wildlife

Wild Barn Swallow Decline and Conservation

Barn swallows have declined significantly in the UK due to loss of nesting sites and reduced aerial insect prey availability.

Key Facts

UK barn swallow populations have declined by 46% since the 1970s
Swallows nest in buildings including barns and farm outbuildings requiring open access
Insect prey reduction from agricultural intensification reduces chick food availability
Swallows winter in sub-Saharan Africa, facing habitat pressures on migration and wintering grounds
Providing nesting access and artificial nest cups can support breeding pairs

Welfare Considerations

Swallow chick starvation from insufficient insect prey causes prolonged suffering before death. Loss of nesting access from building renovation or sealed entry points prevents breeding and wastes the energy invested in migration. Simple measures including leaving nest access in farm buildings and creating insect-rich habitats near nesting sites directly improve individual bird welfare during the breeding season.

What You Can Do

Leave access to barn and outbuilding nesting sites for swallows
Create insect-rich grassland and wildflower areas near swallow nesting sites
Support organisations working on swallow conservation across their flyway