Ravens have recovered and expanded from upland strongholds across much of the UK following reduced persecution, though illegal killing continues.
Ravens killed illegally lose individual lives of significant cognitive richness - ravens are among the most intelligent birds and form lasting pair bonds. The loss of an established breeding adult disrupts a pair bond and can leave a dependent mate unable to breed in subsequent years. Recovery of raven populations following persecution reduction demonstrates the welfare and ecological benefit of legal protection and reduced illegal killing.