Wildfowl reserves managed specifically for wigeon welfare provide undisturbed feeding, appropriate grass sward, and winter refuge that support individual body condition.
Managed wetland reserves demonstrate that targeted welfare intervention for wild birds is both achievable and effective. Wigeon that winter on well-managed reserves maintain better body condition than those wintering on unmanaged sites, as measured by arrival at spring migration in better shape. This body condition advantage translates to improved breeding success in Icelandic and Russian breeding grounds.