A final assessment of technology's role in advancing cattle welfare, noting transformative advances and persistent implementation challenges.
Technology is transforming cattle welfare monitoring from periodic human observation to continuous, objective, individual-level assessment. This transformation is not complete - technology penetration, data quality, and alert response systems still limit welfare benefit in many systems. But the trajectory is clear and positive. Technology that was experimental in 2020 is mainstream in 2026, and technology that is experimental in 2026 will be mainstream by 2030. Each advance in adoption extends welfare benefit to more individual cattle.